Anvendelsen af titaniumlegering i menneskelige led og dens brede udsigter
Titanium alloy has become an ideal choice for human joint replacement materials with its excellent performance. First of all, titanium alloy has excellent biocompatibility, can coexist harmoniously with human tissues, and reduce the occurrence of rejection reactions. Secondly, its high strength and wear resistance ensure the stability and reliability of joints during long-term use.
For example, an elderly man in his seventies was extremely inconvenient to move due to severe hip wear, and his quality of life was greatly affected. Through hip replacement surgery, the elderly man successfully restored his ability to walk and enjoyed a normal life again using a hip prosthesis made of titanium alloy. For another example, a young athlete faced the end of his career due to knee injury. After undergoing titanium alloy knee replacement surgery, he was able to return to the court and continue to pursue his dream.
In the application of other joints such as knee joints and shoulder joints, titanium alloy also performs well. It can be precisely designed and manufactured according to the anatomical structure and movement requirements of different joints, providing strong support for patients to restore normal joint function.
In the future, the application prospects of titanium alloy in the field of human joints are extremely broad. With the continuous advancement of 3D printing technology, more personalized titanium alloy joint customization can be achieved. According to the individual differences of patients, joint prostheses that fully fit their physiological structures can be printed to improve the surgical effect and patient comfort.
In addition, the continuous innovation of materials science is expected to further enhance the performance of titanium alloys. For example, the development of titanium alloy materials with better bioactivity and bone integration ability can promote the fusion of prostheses with human bones and extend the service life of prostheses.
Moreover, with the globalization of medical technology and people's increasing attention to health, the demand for high-quality joint replacement surgery will continue to increase. This will promote the continuous expansion of the market scale of titanium alloys in the field of human joint applications, and will also promote the continuous improvement and perfection of related technologies.
The application of titanium alloys in the field of human joints has achieved remarkable results and has an extremely broad development prospect in the future. I believe that with the continuous advancement of science and technology, it will bring hope of regaining health and free movement to more patients.
The appearance of titanium metal has a silver-gray luster.
As a new type of alloy, medical titanium alloy is also a carrier material. It is widely used in limb implants, alternative functional materials, dentistry, medical devices and other related fields. Titanium and titanium alloys have the characteristics of good corrosion resistance, high specific strength, low elastic modulus, fatigue resistance, and good biocompatibility. Among them, the good biocompatibility makes it have a unique advantage over other metals, so it is widely favored in the medical field, but due to its low wear resistance and process performance, efforts to further improve it are also ongoing.
With the rapid development of the national economy, medical titanium alloys are increasingly in demand in the medical field due to their excellent performance. As a metal material with excellent biological properties, titanium and its alloys have good application prospects in the medical field. However, compared with developed countries, there is still a certain gap in the research and development and application of titanium alloy materials in my country. For example, the high elastic modulus, poor surface activity, poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance of titanium alloys will directly affect the biocompatibility of materials. Therefore, in order to develop new titanium alloys with better comprehensive performance, my country should increase the research and development of materials, focus on innovation, and develop biomedical titanium alloy materials with low elastic modulus, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility.
Titanium has good affinity with human connective tissue and bone epithelial tissue, and its excellent mechanical properties also reflect its advantages in medical alloys. And it has low density, light weight, good corrosion resistance and comfortable wearing. Therefore, titanium is widely favored as a denture (implant). In addition, after surface treatment, the aesthetic performance of titanium dentures is increased, which can meet the public's demand for beauty and give people visual enjoyment.
01. Used in medical devices
Medical titanium alloy medical devices are the third generation of surgical instruments after carbon steel and stainless steel. Stainless steel instruments often undergo surface treatments such as chrome plating and electropolishing to improve rust resistance. However, chromium is toxic, and the detached chromium layer will have a certain impact on the human body.
The benefits of using medical titanium alloys for medical devices are:
1. The devices are lightweight, which can reduce damage to blood vessels, muscles, and organs during surgery, reduce doctors' fatigue, and medical titanium devices are more suitable for delicate microsurgery;
2. Good corrosion resistance and non-toxic, the equipment does not rust, the wound is not easy to get infected, and the wound heals quickly;
3. The elasticity of medical titanium alloys is moderate, suitable for making pliers, tweezers, microsurgeons and other instruments;
4. When operated under a shadowless lamp, the reflective performance of medical titanium is weak, which is more suitable than stainless steel;
The main medical devices made of medical titanium are: scalpels, surgical forceps, surgical tweezers, chest expanders, suture needles, sutures, etc. Medical titanium wire is used as surgical sutures. Compared with other materials (such as stainless steel wire), it has the advantages of small tissue reaction and good torsion resistance. After suturing, the surgical wound is not easy to get inflamed, and the bone suture site is not easy to shift. Sutures are generally made of medical titanium wire (Grade 1 or Grade 2 wire) with a diameter of 0.5~0.8mm. In addition, the soft elastic force generated by titanium-nickel alloy wire can promote the rapid healing of wounds.
In addition, medical titanium alloy is also an important material for auxiliary rehabilitation equipment, such as wheelchairs, crutches, splints, medical instruments, etc.
02. Widely used in artificial joint materials
According to relevant literature reports, about 100 million patients in the world suffer from knee and arm joint inflammation every year, and replacement surgery is imperative, so titanium alloys with excellent replacement function bring good news for this. Compared with ceramics, stainless steel and other materials, the elastic modulus of titanium alloy is closer to that of human bones, and it has an advantage in modulus size. Therefore, titanium alloys are widely used in ankle joint, elbow joint and other corrections. In addition, porous titanium alloy materials can make the prosthesis biologically active and help the healing of the femoral head; the surface of titanium alloy has good biocompatibility and can induce bone cell growth, so it is highly praised by clinicians, orthopedic experts, etc.
The main advantages of titanium and titanium alloys as implant repair materials are:
① High strength, good chemical stability and biocompatibility;
② Non-toxic, no harm to the human body;
③ Low elastic modulus, more compatible with human bones;
④ Elasticity and shape recovery function of memory alloy.
In summary, the application of titanium in skull repair is mainly reflected in: the use of titanium mesh can repair the defective skull.
Its application in human cardiovascular is reflected in: the preparation of artificial heart valves, blood filters, pacemakers and artificial heart pumps.
It should be noted that titanium is not suitable for all artificial joints. In the joints, the parts that often swing are not suitable because titanium is easy to wear (ceramics and cobalt alloys are suitable), and the implant parts should be made of titanium alloy. In order to make it combine with the bones of the organism as soon as possible, the surface of the titanium alloy should be roughened and coated with bone inductors such as apatite and bioglass.
03. Titanium is of great help to the development of dentistry
The metals used in dental surgery started with amalgam and metal crowns in the 1920s. In the 1960s, gold, silver and palladium alloys were mainly used. After the 1970s, stainless steel became the most commonly used material for permanent and removable dental correction devices. In the 1990s, titanium casting technology was promoted and applied. Dentistry uses titanium precision casting machines to cast with high dimensional accuracy, no bubbles and shrinkage holes. Among the metal materials used for human hard tissue repair, the elastic modulus of titanium is closest to that of human tissue, which can reduce the mechanical incompatibility between metal implants and bone tissue. The thermal conductivity of titanium is the lowest among all metal materials used for dental restoration. Low thermal conductivity can reduce thermal stimulation to the pulp of teeth with crowns, which is very important for tooth restoration. Titanium inlays, full crowns, etc. have the function of protecting the pulp and avoiding cold and hot stimulation. In terms of material, most of the titanium used in dentistry was pure titanium, but it was not strong enough, difficult to grind, had poor wear resistance, was prone to casting defects and unstable quality. Titanium alloy has high strength, and the most commonly used one is Ti-6Al -4V alloy. However, since metal V is harmful to the human body, Nb is used instead of V, and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is successfully developed. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is basically harmless to the human body. It also has other advantages such as strong plasticity and excellent grindability, and has been approved by ASTM standards. At present, superelastic Ti-Ni alloy is being promoted for tooth straightening.
Since the 1980s, developed countries have begun to study the application of titanium in oral restoration. It was first used for dental implants, and then for denture brackets, crown bridges and dental wires. At present, titanium can be used as crowns, crown nails, fixed bridges, porcelain bridges, bonded bridges, denture clasps, bases, connecting devices and reinforcement devices. Almost all metal parts of dentures can be made of titanium. The research on titanium and titanium alloys has become a hot spot in the research of dental application alloys. Titanium alloy porcelain teeth can restore the shape and function of teeth very well, and have high strength, beautiful appearance, stable color, smooth surface, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is a permanent restoration suitable for all fixed teeth, especially its good biocompatibility, which is more suitable for people who are sensitive to nickel ions. It has been widely promoted and used in tooth repair.
